The Virgin Queen, they called her. And Gloriana. And Good Queen Bess. In the 45 years Elizabeth I ruled, England's common people loved her dearly, recognizing that-come what may- she was totally devoted to their welfare.
Elizabeth was a typical Tudor, with many of the traits of her Tudor father, Henry VIII. She inherited his exceptional musical talents and his gift for scholarship, along with his passion for discussion and argument. Like him, she had a will of steel and a wicked temper.
Elizabeth's early years were fraught with violence and the constant threat of violence. Her father accused her mother, Anne Boleyn, of adultery and had her beheaded in 1536, before Elizabeth was three years old. He also declared his marriage to her mother invalid, thereby making Elizabeth illegitimate. This could have deprived her of her rights to succeed the throne.
Nevertheless, she received an excellent education, learning Latin and Greek, French, Spanish and Italian.
Henry VIII died in 1547 and was succeeded by Edward VI, his son by Jane Seymour. Edward in turn was succeeded by Elizabeth's half-sister, Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary), who became Queen in 1553. When Mary died in 1558, Elizabeth-now accepted as a legitimate offspring of Henry VIII- became Queen at the age of 25. Finally she could give rein to the traits she had inherited from her mother-vanity and the love of extravagent finery.
More striking than beautiful, Elizabeth dressed in rich gowns heavy with jewels, charming her many suitors with her wit and vitality. And like her mother, she loved to flirt. Even when kings came courting, she kept them dangling, coyly pushing them away, and then sweetly inviting them to come closer. Some dangled for years. But no matter how many suitors vied for her hand, she never married, preferring her subjects to believe that she abstained from marriage for their benefit. And thus it was that she became known as the Virgin Queen.
In matters of state, Elizabeth was a skillful, thoroughly professional Queen. When her closest relative, Mary, Queen of Scots, endangered Elizabeth's throne, she-with considerable reluctance- ordered her execution in 1587. England's stability was again seriously threatened the following year, when a Spanish Armada sailed with the intent of invading England. Elizabeth's ships fought off the huge fleet, and storms at sea helped destroy the Armada.
Elizabeth died in 1603, the last of England's Tudor rulers.

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